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Battery Thermal Management Science Knowledge

What is battery thermal management system?

Sistema de gerenciamento térmico da bateria (BTMS) is a closed -loop temperature control system composed of heat -conducting medium, measurement and control unit, and temperature control equipment. It makes power battery work within the appropriate temperature range to maintain its best use state to ensure the performance and life of the battery system.

A review on battery thermal management in electric vehicle application (importance)

Power battery is the only source of energy for electric vehicles and an important indicator affecting the performance of electric vehicles. It will accompany a certain heat during the charging and discharge process, which will cause the temperature to rise, and the increase in temperature will affect many working characteristics parameters of the battery, such as internal resistance, tensão, SOC, available capacity, charging and discharge efficiency, and battery life.

The problem of power battery thermal effects will affect the performance and cycle life of the vehicle. Portanto, the battery thermal management is very important for the performance and life of the battery and the mileage of the vehicle.

What are the different types of battery thermal management systems (BTMS) ?

At present, it is mainly divided into air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material cooling and immersion cooling. For EV battery cooling system, liquid cooling is the most common and stable solution.

Battery liquid cooling: The battery exchanges heat with the coolant through the cooling plate. The cooled or heated coolant is sent into the heat exchanger by a water pump, and heat exchange and shunting are performed inside it, thus forming a continuous and stable liquid cooling system for battery. A virtuous cycle.

Battery air cooling: Mainly utilizes the working principle of air convection to circulate the air in the battery compartment. The circulating air removes heat from the battery, thereby lowering the temperature of the battery. The disadvantage is that the cooling efficiency is relatively low, especially in high temperature environments.

Battery phase change material (PCM) resfriamento: PCM materials are mainly used to transform between solid and liquid at specific ambient temperatures, thereby realizing the heat dissipation and heating functions of the battery. The disadvantages are relatively low cooling efficiency and the need for regular replacement of phase change materials.

Battery immersion cooling: By placing the battery directly in a special coolant, the convection and conduction effects of the liquid are used to quickly transfer the heat generated by the battery to the coolant, thereby achieving the cooling effect of the battery. The disadvantages are higher requirements for coolant and high subsequent maintenance costs.

How does battery thermal management work?

The battery liquid cooling system consists of a compressor, condensador, válvula de expansão, plate heat exchanger, electronic water pump, Aquecedor de líquido PTC, expansion tank, and electrical control. When the battery needs to be cooled for operation, the battery exchanges heat with the coolant through the cooling plate, and the heated coolant is sent into the heat exchanger by the electronic water pump. The refrigerant is introduced into one side of the heat exchanger and the coolant is introduced into the other side. The two exchange heat in the heat exchanger, so that the heat is taken away by the refrigerant. The cold coolant flows out of the heat exchanger and then flows into the battery. The system forms a cycle; when the battery is at low temperature and needs to be heated, the refrigeration circuit is closed and the PTC liquid heater is turned on. The coolant is heated and sent into the battery, and the battery is heated through the cooling plate. The battery thermal management controls the internal temperature of the battery by controlling the on and off of the refrigeration circuit and the PTC liquid heater.

What is the difference between BMS and BTMS?

Simply put, BMS is a battery management system, which includes a wider range. BTMS is the battery thermal management system and is part of the BMS. The automated operation of BTMS requires instructions from BMS. It can be understood as the relationship between the brain and the limbs.

Other Commonly Used Expressions

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